Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors (RORs): Regulatory Functions in Immunity, Development, Circadian Rhythm, and Metabolism
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this overview, we provide an update on recent progress made in understanding the mechanisms of action, physiological functions, and roles in disease of retinoic acid related orphan receptors (RORs). We are particularly focusing on their roles in the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity, brain function, retinal development, cancer, glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. We also summarize the current status of ROR agonists and inverse agonists, including their regulation of ROR activity and their therapeutic potential for management of various diseases in which RORs have been implicated.
منابع مشابه
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors α and γ: key regulators of lipid/glucose metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors RORα and RORγ play a regulatory role in lipid/glucose homeostasis and various immune functions, and have been implicated in metabolic syndrome and several inflammatory diseases. RORα-deficient mice are protected against age- and diet-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. The resistance to hepatosteatosis in RORα-deficient mice is relate...
متن کاملRetinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs): critical roles in development, immunity, circadian rhythm, and cellular metabolism
The last few years have witnessed a rapid increase in our knowledge of the retinoid-related orphan receptors RORalpha, -beta, and -gamma (NR1F1-3), their mechanism of action, physiological functions, and their potential role in several pathologies. The characterization of ROR-deficient mice and gene expression profiling in particular have provided great insights into the critical functions of R...
متن کاملRetinoic acid-related orphan receptor RORβ, circadian rhythm abnormalities and tumorigenesis (Review).
Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors including the steroid hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors and the orphan nuclear receptor family. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)β, as a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family, plays an important regulatory role in the maintenance of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. RORβ has been de...
متن کاملRetinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ directly regulates neuronal PAS domain protein 2 transcription in vivo
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORs) and the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor Npas2 have been implicated in the control of circadian rhythm. In this study, we demonstrate that RORγ directly regulates Npas2 expression in vivo. Although the rhythmicity of Npas2 mRNA expression was maintained in RORγ(-/-) mice, the peak level of expression was significantly reduced in sever...
متن کاملIdentification of human CYP2C8 as a retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor target gene.
Retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptors (RORs) alpha and gamma (NR1F1, -3) are highly expressed in liver, adipose tissue, thymus, and brain and are involved in many physiological processes, such as circadian rhythm and immune function. Enzymes in the cytochrome P450 2C subfamily metabolize many clinically important drugs and endogenous compounds, such as the anticancer drug paclitaxel and ara...
متن کامل